Formatting Details

• For the first (or only) author, first include the author's last name, followed by a comma, followed by the author's first initial  and middle initial (if known).  [Example]

• For two or more authors, format each author's name as above.  Follow each author's name with a comma and precede the last author with an ampersand (&).  Include up to the sixth author.  For the seventh and subsequent authors use "et al."  [Example]

• If the author is corporate or institutional publication, give the name of the corporation or institution as the author. [Example]

• If the work is a translation, give the original author here.  The translator will be listed later.  [Example]
• If the article is unsigned, begin the citation with the article title, then publication date.  

• Include the four-digit year of publication of the anthology or reference book. Enclose the date within parentheses.  (The ending period will be outside the parentheses.)  [Example]
• The publication place is usually found on the back the title page of the book.  
• If no date is available, write "n. d."

• Include the title of the article or chapter in plain text. [Example]
• Click here for notes on capitalization.  

• Begin this part with the word "In" in plain text.  
• If there is one editor, list the editor's first (and middle, if known) initials and last name.  Then give a space and "(Ed.)" before the ending comma.  
• If there are two editors, list both editors as you would for a single editor and separate them with an ampersand (&).  Then give a space and "(Eds.)" before the ending comma.  
• If there are three or more editors, list all the editors as you would for a single editor.  Follow each editor's name with a comma and precede the last editor with an ampersand (&).  Then give a space and "(Eds.)" before the ending comma.  
• For major reference works with a large editorial board, you may use the first editor's name, followed by "et al."  
• If the editor is not given, omit the name, but retain the "In" before the book's title. 

• Italicize or underline the title of the book. [Example]
• Click here for notes on capitalization.
• If you underline, underline the period that follows, unless an edition, translator, or volume information is included.

• Enclose this section within parentheses.
• If the book is a multivolume work, first write "Vol." followed by the volume number you used, and a comma.  The give the page number as directed below.  
• If the article appears on a single page, write "p." followed by the page number within parentheses.
• If the article appears on more than one page, write "pp." followed by the range of pages.  Separate the first and last page numbers with a hyphen (-) and do not precede or follow the hyphen with spaces.
• Use digits for all page numbers.  Give the entire page number, not a shortened form, for the ending page in a range  (e.g. "243-245" instead of "243-5").

• Include the city of publication.  [Example]
• If the city is not on this list,  follow the city name with a comma, a space, and the state (or country for foreign cities).  Use the postal state abbreviations (two capital letters, no periods.)
• The publication place is usually found on the title page of the book.  

• Include the publisher's name.  [Example]
• You may shorten the publisher's name as long as it remains recognizable.
• The publisher is usually found on the title page of the book.  

• If the work is a translation, write "(Original work published yyyy)," filling in the yyyy with the four-digit year during which the original was printed. [Example]
• If the work was originally published in a periodical, add the following:
  • "(Reprinted from"
  • The title of the periodical, underlined, and followed by a comma and a space.
  • "p." or "pp." and the original page number(s), followed by a comma and a space.
  • "by" followed by the editor's name in normal order.  Follow the name with a comma and "Ed."  Add another comma.
  • The original publication date, followed by a comma.
  • The place of publication, followed by a colon.
  • The original publisher, followed by the closing parenthesis.