|
Introduction
In-Text Citation
Books
Selections from Books
Periodicals
Online Sources
|
Citing Internet Sources in CSE Style
Remember that entries in the Works Cited list are listed alphabetically
by author.
This page covers web pages and articles in periodical databases
such as Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, FirstSearch, Proquest
Direct, JSTOR, Science Direct, etc.
Do not just copy the "citation"
given by the databases. While this part provides important
information, it often leaves out the far more important information
of the access date and the database name. It may also not
be in CBE style.
The citation for an electronic source includes citation for any
print counterpart of the source, followed by information about the
electronic resource. It is crucial that this information be
included, because the electronic resource may be an updated version
of the print counterpart. The date the electronic resource
was accessed is important because the resource may be changed before
someone looking at your sources checks it.
When citing a web page, cite the specific page from which
you obtained information, not the site's home page. Remember
that a citation is supposed to make it so your reader can find your
original source; including the home page of a large site will do
little good.
The information on this page is based on ONLINE!
Citation Styles. Note that this source was not prepared by the
CBE itself, but instead is based on the citation principles presented
in the CBE style manual. Since the latest CBE style manual
was published in 1994, there does not yet exist an official style
for citing electronic information.
There are three sections to this page: a
detailed chart on formatting references, citation
examples, and general reference forms.
The components of a reference
for articles from an online source, listed in the proper order:
| Component |
Formatting
Details
|
|
Ending
Punctuation |
| Database
Article Print Citation |
- If you're citing the electronic version of an article
that has a print equivalent, give the complete print
equivalent citation here.
- Refer to the Periodical Articles
page for details.
- Then skip to the Larger work
title part, where you will give the title of the database.
|
|
Period (.) |
| Author(s) |
-
Format author name(s)
as follows: last name, followed by the first and middle
initials. There is no comma following the last name,
and no periods or spaces separate the initials, as in
"Last FM."
-
For two to 10 authors, list the authors
as above, separating names by a comma and a space.
-
If there are more than 10 authors,
list the first ten, followed by "and others."
-
If the article is anonymous, write
"[Anonymous]" in place of the author.
-
If the author is an organization,
give the organization's name here. If the organization
has an abbreviation, put the abbreviation in brackets
before its name, e.g. "[CBE] Council of Biology Editors."
|
|
Period (.) |
| Update
Date |
- Give the date the document was published
or last updated. Give the year, followed by the
month (abbreviated by the first three letters only and with
no period) and day, e.g. "2000 Jul 11."
- If the month or exact day aren't available, omit
them.
- The last update date of a web page is usually given at
the bottom or top of a page. A posting date may also
be given on the page one level higher (such as a page that
is an index of articles).
- If you're citing an email, give the date the email
was sent.
|
|
Period (.) |
| Title |
- The title of the article is written
in plain text. Only the first word and proper nouns
and adjectives are capitalized. There are only a
few exceptions.
- If there is a secondary title or subtitle, it can
be included after the main title. Separate the two
with a colon and space afterward.
- If you're citing a web page, use either the header
of the page or the title that displays in the Netscape title
bar. (If the page has frames, it's best to right click
and choose "Open Frame in New Window" to get the
frame title.)
- If you're citing an e-mail,
- Use the subject line as the title.
- Then follow the subject line with "[Personal
email]."
- If you're citing a posting to a discussion list or
forum, use the subject line as the title.
|
|
Period (.) |
| Larger
Work Title |
- If you're citing a web
page that is part of a larger work, give the title of
the larger work here. Only the first word and proper nouns
and adjectives are capitalized. There are only a
few exceptions. [Example]
- If you're citing an article from an electronic database,
give the name of the database here.
|
|
Period (.) |
| URL |
- If the source is a web page,
enclose the URL (or web address) of the page within angle
brackets (< >).
- If the source page has frames, it is best to use the
URL of the frame you're citing. In Netscape, you
can locate that URL by right clicking the frame and
selecting "Open Frame in New Window."
- If the article is from an online database, give
the URL of the database's main page in angle brackets (<
>), not the URL of the individual article. The
reader can search for the title or author, and the subscription
service may not allow one to enter a direct URL.
- In a printed essay, the URL should not be a link,
although Word's AutoCorrect feature will convert text it
thinks is a web address to a link. To convert this
URL back to plain text, type Ctrl+Z (Undo) immediately.
You can also turn
off this feature permanently.
- If you have to split the URL onto multiple lines,
split it only after a slash.
- The ending period goes outside the angle brackets.
- If you're citing an email, omit this part.
|
|
Period (outside the < >)
|
| Access
Date |
- Write "Accessed"
followed by the date you accessed the page or read the email.
- Format the date as follows: give the year, followed by
the month (abbreviated by the first three letters only and
with no period) and day, e.g. "2000 Jul 11."
- This date is different from the update date, which gives
the date the page was last updated. It is when you
looked at it, and it is important because the site may have
changed since then.
|
|
Period (.) |
Read the note on punctuation and spacing.
Citation Examples (from
Online!)
Azar B, Martin S. 1999 Oct. APA's Council of Representatives endorses new standards
for testing, high school psychology. APA Monitor. <http://www.apa.org/monitor/
tools.html>. Accessed 1999 Oct 7.
Browning T. 1997. Embedded visuals: student design in Web spaces. Kairos: A Journal
for Teachers of Writing in Webbed Environments 3(1). <http://www.as.ttu.edu/
kairos/2.1/features/browning/index.html>. Accessed 1997 Oct 21.
[Article in electronic journal]
Bryant P. 1999 Aug 28. Biodiversity and conservation. <http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/
~sustain/bio65/index.html>. Accessed 1999 Oct 4.
[CBE] Council of Biology Editors. 1999 Oct 5. CBE home page. <http://
www.councilscienceeditors.org>. Accessed 1999 Oct 7.
Franke N. 1996 Apr 29. SoundApp 2.0.2 [Personal email]. Accessed 1996 May 3.
Myhrvold N. 1997 Jun 12. Confessions of a cybershaman. Slate. <http://www.slate.com/
CriticalMass/97-06-12/CriticalMass.asp>. Accessed 1997 Oct 19.
[Article in electronic magazine]
Pellegrino J. 1999 May 12. Homepage. <http://www.english.eku.edu/pellegrino/default.htm>.
Accessed 1999 Nov 7.
Citation Examples for Databases from the
JC Library
Rissing S. 2000 Jul 23. Democracy can't function without scientific literacy. The
Dispatch (Columbus): p 7B. Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe. <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/
universe>. Accessed 2000 Jul 24.
Wheat S. 2000. Health services: four people working to make the world a healthier place.
Geographical 72.4 (1999): 88-89. FirstSearch. <http://firstsearch.oclc.org>. Accessed
2000 Jul 24.
General Forms
Web page
Author. Update date. Document title. Title of complete work. <URL>.
Access date.
Journal article from online database
Author. Year. Article title. Journal title volume#(issue#):pages. Database name.
<URL>. Accessed date.
Newspaper article from online database
Author. Date. Article title. Newspaper title;section:pages(column#). Database name.
<URL>. Accessed date.
Magazine article from online database
Author. Date. Article title. Magazine title:pages. Database name.
<URL>. Accessed date.
|
